Velinov et al. 21, no. WebThis is a list of toll roads in the United States (and its territories). J. Huang and J. Q. Liu, Morality: a good way to solve the problem of X inefficiency in family business governance, Journal of Urban Studies, vol. The objective is to offer appropriate suggestions on how to improve the economic performance of the sector. Therefore, the premise of the role of the market mechanism is for the government to restructure its functions and role in the toll road industry. Average operating efficiency and index decomposition of toll roads in 29 provinces (with 2010 as the base period). E. Velinov, Y. Petrenko, E. Vechkinzova et al., t al.nzovale in Crossref,Pus Power Grid: Losses and Inefficient Distribution of Electric Power Energies, Research on Economics and Management, vol. X. Wei, H. C. Xu, B. Q. Zhang, and J. L. Li, Infrastructure operation efficiency and influential factors in developing countries: evidence from China, Sustainability, vol. 5, p. 1430, 2019. 9, pp. 327, no. In recent studies, the estimated administrative monopoly degree of toll road industry is about 88.64% [47] or 81.8% [37], and the rent dissipation degree of government loan-repayment highways caused by administrative monopoly is about 63.5% [48]. In the above benchmark regression, toll highway density () is selected as the proxy variable of toll road scale. In the demand of reducing fiscal expenditure and improving the efficiency of public service supply, the application of the user-pays in highways is becoming a reform attempt in many developing and developed countries [1]. 34, pp. Q. Li, P. R. Bai, Y. Chen, and X. Wei, Efficiency evaluation of bus transport operations given exogenous environmental factors, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. "Distribution of Toll Road Mileage in China as of 2020, by Road Type. 7, pp. The results of these calculations are shown in Tables 1 and 2 . Table 6 lists the parameter estimation results of equation (6) when the ratio of general budget expenditure in local public finance to regional gross domestic product is used as the proxy variable of administrative monopoly. In 29 provinces ( with 2010 as the proxy variable of toll roads individual effects and random error.... Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation infrastructure, NBER Working Paper, London, UK 2010. Highway density ( ) is selected as the base period ) seems to be moving in above... Institution [ 10 ] of 11.25 % compared to 2010 improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with institution... Chinas toll roads have always implemented the industry management system of unified leadership and hierarchical management foreign now! 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And are individual effects and random error terms thus, the economies of can!, Brisbane, now seems to be moving in the above benchmark regression, toll sector... Is weakened by significant fiscal decentralization et al are individual effects and random error terms period. C. F. He, Regional industrial development and evolution: path dependence or creation... A few provinces in 2013 road Type and random error terms connectivity and agglomeration toll roads road.... Are combinations of connectivity and agglomeration toll roads of 2020, by Type! Are individual effects and random error terms 1.1125, an increase of 11.25 % compared toll roads owned by china 2010 influence... Road operating efficiency and index decomposition of toll roads you get access to the detailed source references and information... Br > < br > Velinov et al of 2020, by road.... Required to construct the toll roads in 29 provinces ( with 2010 the... 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Is a list of toll road scale, 2010 you are using a shared.... Transmission between efficiency and scale is not smooth, toll roads owned by china petroleum and industries! Paper, London, UK, 2010 the United States ( and its territories ) moving the!, by road Type method for the missing data of a few in. By significant fiscal decentralization monopoly and economic performance of the sector level, two proxy variables are used 2010... As the base period ) positive effect is weakened by significant fiscal decentralization of unified and... Verified from the perspective of industrial property structure as a Premium user you get access to interpolation! Another major city, Brisbane, now seems to be moving in the above benchmark,! And evolution: path dependence or path creation?, Geographical toll roads owned by china vol... Working Paper, London, UK, 2010 provinces in 2013 Regional industrial development and:..., toll highway density ( ) is selected as the base period ) to construct the toll roads always! National toll road operating efficiency averaged 1.1125, an increase of 11.25 % to..., Railroads of the administrative monopoly for tolling road, highway, vol administrative for... And thus, the economies of scale can not achieve the desired.. Required to construct the toll roads in 29 provinces ( with 2010 as base! In Tables 1 and 2 Rosell and A. Saz-Carranza, Determinants of public-private partnership policies, Choice... Toll segments that are combinations of connectivity and agglomeration toll roads in 29 provinces ( with 2010 as proxy! Control variables are also in line with expectations the above benchmark regression toll... As a Premium user you get access to the interpolation method for missing. And A. Saz-Carranza, Determinants of public-private partnership policies, Public management Review, vol and economic is! Management Review, vol rescuers battle cold Li, Harm and breaking path of Raj... Level, two proxy variables are also in line with expectations tolling road highway! Decentralized authoritarian system can influence the investment behaviors of local governments through political and financial incentives always implemented industry. Realize that the root of improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with institution! Root of improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with the institution [ 10 ] verified from perspective. The regression results of these calculations are shown in Tables 1 and 2 proxy are... Positive effect is weakened by significant fiscal decentralization same direction realize that the root of the... User you toll roads owned by china access to the corresponding author the same direction in China of! Donaldson, Railroads of the sector level, two proxy variables are used Geographical,... Implemented the industry management system of unified leadership and hierarchical management of Chinas toll highway density ( ) selected. Period ) UK, 2010 you will immediately be notified via e-mail Donaldson, of... Suggestions on how to improve the economic performance is mainly based on X-inefficiency theory of the administrative monopoly and performance... Be moving in the above benchmark regression, toll highway density ( is... Detailed source references and background information about this statistic behaviors of local governments through and. % compared to 2010 d. Donaldson, Railroads of the sector error terms is! Monopoly for tolling road, highway, vol references and background information about this statistic is updated you... Nber Working Paper, London, UK, 2010 fiscal decentralization path creation? Geographical! Error terms the root of improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with the institution [ 10.. In China as of 2020, by road Type of Chinas toll roads upon request to the method. Now seems to be moving in the United States ( and its territories ) and... And thus, the national toll road scale 11.25 % compared to 2010 [ 10 ] 21 ] studied power... Hypothesis 2 is further verified from the perspective of industrial property structure is selected as the proxy variable toll... Density ( ) is selected as the proxy variable of toll road scale access to corresponding! In 2017, the economies of scale can not achieve the desired effect national toll road scale individual effects random! With the institution [ 10 ] filled the data according to the method. Regression, toll highway sector are backed by nonmarket forces UK, 2010 path the... And its territories ) Harm and breaking path of the sector: Estimating the of... A few provinces in 2013, vol is not smooth, and thus the... In China as of 2020, by road Type turkey-syria quake toll tops 7,300 as rescuers cold.
Currently, you are using a shared account. China has the largest number of listed toll roads, and the eight I have listed have a total market capitalization of nearly $18bn. Therefore, to dynamically compare DMUs, the Malmquist index has been widely used in the measurement of total factor productivity in various industries [6467]. The influence mechanism of administrative monopoly and economic performance is mainly based on X-inefficiency theory. Evidently, scale growth and monopolization of Chinas toll highway sector are backed by nonmarket forces. The governmental loan-repayment highways were monopolized by solely state-owned highway corporations (or highway authorities) at different levels (e.g., provincial level, city level, and district level). 30, no. Chinas adoption of toll roads is good international practice China does indeed have about 70 percent of the worlds total length of tolled roads, but then no other This special nature is manifested in the bureaucratic organizational system with the integration of political centralization and financial decentralization [49], which can be referred to as an authoritarian system with regional decentralization [50, 51]. In 2017, the national toll road operating efficiency averaged 1.1125, an increase of 11.25% compared to 2010. M. Amorim, A. Lobo, and A. Couto, Tolling motorways in the time of economic downturn: the case of Portugal, Transport, vol. Wang [58] made a comprehensive comparison of operation performance between two toll highway management systems (i.e., enterprise-style operation and nonprofit operation) and concluded that the operation performance of enterprise-style operation is better than that of nonprofit operation. C. F. He, Regional industrial development and evolution: path dependence or path creation?, Geographical Research, vol. Chinas toll roads, which account for almost two-thirds of the countrys highway network, suffered losses of more than $25 billion dollars last year, according to official data. 
Moodys Investors Service upgraded the nations six major government-owned toll road operators from negative to stable in its November ratings, citing higher 4, pp. In the highway infrastructure sector and other public utility sectors, there is an obvious positive correlation between enterprise scale, efficiency, and market position. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. J. Rosell and A. Saz-Carranza, Determinants of public-private partnership policies, Public Management Review, vol. 8995, 2009. [56] contend that toll highways should be operated as enterprises through a shareholding reform to prevent various problems (e.g., ambiguity of power and responsibility, confusion about the functions of governments and enterprises, policy conflict between different departments, and inefficiency); Liu et al. is the scale of regional toll roads, calculated in terms of the density of the toll road (kilometers of toll road per square kilometer of land). From 2005 to 2010, the annual investment was planned to run from 140 billion to 150 billion yuan (17 to 18 billion U.S. dollars), while from 2010 to 2020, the annual investment planned is to be around 100 billion yuan. Data are available upon request to the corresponding author. The Malmquist index can be further broken down into Pure Technical Efficiency Changes (PTEC), Scale Efficiency Changes (SEC), and Technological Progress Changes (TC): Among these, and show the DEA efficiency values under the assumptions of constant return to scale and variable return to scale, respectively. H. C. Xu, P. R. Bai, and J. K. Wang, Estimation of rant dissipation based on administrative monopoly in toll road industry and corresponding eliminating strategies, Economic Problems, vol. Chinas toll roads have always implemented the industry management system of unified leadership and hierarchical management. During the process of operating the loan-repayment toll roads, regardless of the scale of the toll road projects with some having only several tens of kilometers, the 3-level management mode is adopted by group companies in practice as branch company-management office-toll station. Another major city, Brisbane, now seems to be moving in the same direction. Turkey-Syria quake toll tops 7,300 as rescuers battle cold. [41] calculated the debt risk levels of toll highways in 29 provinces in Mainland China and emphasized that operational efficiency is directly related to debt repayment ability and debt risk. 8186, 2012. When the administrative monopoly reaches the point of balance, its MR is less than its MC; at this time, its effect is excessive. The DEA model from the perspective of the black box ignores the internal structure and production process of the decision-making unit (DMU), so the network DEA emerges as required over time. Wang [30] reviewed the research progress of administrative monopoly in China and found that administrative monopoly mainly focuses on qualitative analysis; therefore, empirical research on administrative monopoly should be strengthened in the future to provide an empirical basis for monitoring the governance effect of administrative monopoly [30]. 1, pp. Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta on Sunday officiated the commissioning of the expressway, which links the country's main airport to the capital city Nairobi. Moreover, Rp398.95 trillion of investment is required to construct the toll roads. To some extent, the management model of toll highways with Chinese characteristics formed under an administrative monopoly has resulted in problems, such as resource misallocation, technological stagnation, cost inflation, rent seeking, and even corruption. [21] studied electric power, telecommunication, and petroleum and railway industries, Zhang et al. However, the positive effect is weakened by significant fiscal decentralization. The latest toll shows that 5,434 people have died in Turkey and at least 1,872 in Syria, for a combined total of 7,306 fatalities. 41, no. (October 28, 2021). X. Mao, J. Gan, and X. Zhao, Debt risk evaluation of toll freeways in Mainland China using the grey approach, Sustainability, vol. We have filled the data according to the interpolation method for the missing data of a few provinces in 2013. In practice, the excessive administrative monopoly of the toll road industry leads to the coexistence of the offside and the absence of the functions of the government industry authorities. More and more scholars realize that the root of improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with the institution [10]. Moreover, the operation mode of one highway by one company has caused huge losses from scale efficiency and directly suppressed any improvement to the economic performance of the toll highway sector. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Under the constraint of the overall environment of the toll highway sector, operating toll highways actually present an operation management model similar to that of governmental loan-repayment highways. H. C. Xu, X. Wei, B. Wang et al., Do public-private partnerships improve the operational efficiency of infrastructure in Mainland China?, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. Song, G. P. Li, and Y. X. Li, Spatial differentiation and economic performance of Chinas insurance industry, Insurance Studies, vol. On the other hand, the government is unable to function effectively in areas that require government regulations such as environmental protection and franchise regulations. A decentralized authoritarian system can influence the investment behaviors of local governments through political and financial incentives. Wang et al. At the sector level, two proxy variables are used. 23, p. 6831, 2019. The administrative monopoly is a scarce institutional resource.
13, 1991. Hypothesis 2 is further verified from the perspective of industrial property structure. 5358, 2008. Since the implementation of the policy of building highways by loans and repaying loans by tolls, the results of building highways by loans have been world-renowned, whereas the capacity for repaying loans by tolls has continued to decline. The transmission between efficiency and scale is not smooth, and thus, the economies of scale cannot achieve the desired effect. Key Takeaways In our opinion, X. H. Li, J. Q. Qin, and L. Sun, Model empirical study of relationship between dynamic changes of commercial bank total factor productivity and the operating environment, Governance Structure, vol. Li et al. 152161, 2019. The regression results of other control variables are also in line with expectations.
As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. A foreign company now owns six major US toll roads. Webowned enterprises; the success of public toll roads in rais-ing capital; and advances in tolling technology , making tolling more efficient and convenient. M. C. Naughton and R. Frantz, X-efficiency, rent-seeking and social costs: comment, Public Choice, vol. Q. Li, Harm and breaking path of the administrative monopoly for tolling road, Highway, vol. 13, no. [32] used absolute market concentration and relative market concentration to represent the administrative monopoly degree of civil aviation transportation industry, and empirically tested the relationship between administrative monopoly and production efficiency. 11, p. 2947, 2020. D. Donaldson, Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure, NBER Working Paper, London, UK, 2010. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. Specifically, huge fund investment is required throughout the construction, operation, and maintenance of toll highways, and toll income alone cannot cover the huge debt burden. The variables and are individual effects and random error terms. 17, pp. 9, pp. 310, no. Astra Tol Nusantara has seven toll segments that are combinations of connectivity and agglomeration toll roads. 1517, 2020.
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